The Importance of English Communication Skills for Ethiopian Military Observers and Police Officers in International Peacekeeping Missions
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
99-107
Received:
17 August 2018
Accepted:
19 November 2018
Published:
3 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20180404.11
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Views:
Abstract: Globalization has placed a growing importance of integrated skills of English language communication. This paper reports on findings of the importance and still challenges of ME for Ethiopian military and police officers in peacekeeping missions gathered via frequent observations and focus group discussions. It also shows that the growing international peacekeeping missions in the glob undergone by the Ethiopian armed and unarmed forces has been paired with the use of English as a lingua-franca of international communication. The language stands as a vehicular and bridge for them in an international geo-political scenario marked by the globalization of conflicts beyond national borders and consequently by the integration of armies in multinational and multicultural coalition forces. For the Ethiopian officers, this new international arena has meant its increasing participation in international peacekeeping missions which has involved the deployment of large number of officers and equipment, and the integration in multinational structures. English language can help facilitate the necessary interconnections in different sectors. However, this paper indicates that the military missioners are still suffering from their poor English language skills performance to conduct their daily routines. This research sheds light on how to overcome such inherent and nested English language difficulties and conclude the practical and effective solutions to the problems for those officers.
Abstract: Globalization has placed a growing importance of integrated skills of English language communication. This paper reports on findings of the importance and still challenges of ME for Ethiopian military and police officers in peacekeeping missions gathered via frequent observations and focus group discussions. It also shows that the growing internati...
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A Study on the Address and Kinship Terms in Kempo speech of Manggarai Language in West Flores Indonesia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2018
Pages:
108-117
Received:
19 November 2018
Accepted:
17 December 2018
Published:
18 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20180404.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The present study is to describe address and kinship terms in Kempo speech and the linguistic formation of the terms. The qualitative method is used applying the observation and open interviews to native speakers to obtain the data. Based on the data, Kempo speech has various terms which are different from those of other languages, and the way to form the terms is linguistically different from other languages. It is interesting that the second plural pronoun ite (we) is very common to denote respect. Another interesting phenomena is the use of ame de.. or em... (father of...) as in ame de Jon or emJon to address one, instead of mentioning his name to respect married addressees. The other interesting one is there is no certain terms to address newly married spouse, husband and wife. The wife borrows the terms mentu’a de... or emtu’a de... (big father of...) or mengkoe de... or emkoe de... (little father of...) if the husband is older or younger than his brothers, as in mentu’a de Jon (big father of John) or mengkoe de Jon (little father of John). The same way, the wife receives intu’a de Jon (big mother of John) or inkoe de Jon (little mother of John). The kinship terms can also be used as address terms. The term to’a, a kinship term for example, is used by a son to address his wife’s parents, and he reveives koa. Linguistically the terms like mentu’a or emtu’a and mengkoe or emkoe are linguistically blended. To clonclude, it is very rarely that one missuses the terms to address one another. If he does, he is impolite, and if he very often does that, he can get bad luck in his future. Such way of using the terms show a belief that the politeness in Kempo society is brought since birth.
Abstract: The present study is to describe address and kinship terms in Kempo speech and the linguistic formation of the terms. The qualitative method is used applying the observation and open interviews to native speakers to obtain the data. Based on the data, Kempo speech has various terms which are different from those of other languages, and the way to f...
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