Vowel Sound Symbols and Schools of Transcriptions
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-13
Received:
13 January 2018
Accepted:
24 February 2018
Published:
8 April 2018
Abstract: The recognition usually made between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics studies the physical or physiological aspects of speech, including its articulatory, aerodynamic, acoustic, auditory, and perceptual aspects, whereas phonology is concerned with accounting for variation in speech sounds in different but related languages and dialects, and within a given language in the environment of different morphemes, different positions within an utterance, word, or other speech sounds. A simple phonetic transcription is based on using the minimum number of different symbols, of the simplest possible and most familiar shapes. Whereas the allophonic transcription uses more than the minimum number of different symbols. In such transcription more than one symbol are used for one phoneme. A comparative transcription is the one in which all the symbols are not of the most simple and familiar shapes. It uses symbols some of which are more specific in their reference than these of a simple transcription. The problem of this research is that different symbols are used for the same sound representation in their way of transcription or the same symbols are used for the different sounds representations of different schools of transcriptions. This causes confusion for learners of English when their program uses different sources from different schools without mentioning these differences between these schools of transcriptions or when they use different dictionaries used different symbols of different school of transcriptions. It is hypothesized that confusion for learners of English because of the different or same symbols are used for the same phonetic representation in the phonetic transcription of different schools of transcriptions. The concern in this research is on program of these learners of English who learn phonetics and phonology text books of a certain school of transcription and their sources are taken from different schools of transcriptions or use different dictionaries used different symbols of different schools but nothing mentioned about these schools. Also, the concentration will be on the vowels not the consonants. The concentration will be on British and American schools of transcriptions. The aims of this research are to remove this confusion and build concrete program for teaching English for different levels of learners. Finding the similarities and differences between different schools of transcriptions in the use of the same and different phonetic symbols. Enable students to use different dictionaries (American or British) and understand their symbols easily. Developing the learners’ pronunciation abilities concerning different accents of English (American and British English).
Abstract: The recognition usually made between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics studies the physical or physiological aspects of speech, including its articulatory, aerodynamic, acoustic, auditory, and perceptual aspects, whereas phonology is concerned with accounting for variation in speech sounds in different but related languages and dialects, an...
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Critical Discourse Analysis of PM N. Sharif’s UNOGA Discourse Deciphering Covert Rhetoric—Dialectical Perspective
Faiz-ur-Rehman Gill,
Mehmood Ahmad Azhar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
14-22
Received:
31 December 2017
Accepted:
8 February 2018
Published:
30 April 2018
Abstract: This rigorous research attempts to decipher the covert rhetoric —ideology of peace and justice—reflected in Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s UNOGA address, 2015. This paper examines the relationship between text and elements of power and ideology reflected in PM’s political discourse from dialectical perspective. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) bases on “social critique and transformative action for change on a critique of discourse” (Fairclough, 2015) and it advances from endoxa (opinion) to praxis (action) to reflect change in existing reality. The researcher employs Fairclough’s (1989, 1995) three dimensions model that includes text analysis (description), processing analysis (interpretation) and social analysis (explanation). This study also assesses Faircloughian conjecture that “ideologies embed in texts” and “texts are open to diverse interpretations” (Fairclough, 1995). The selected speech of the PM in term of corpus’ power and ideological components are critiqued and assessed. It is also attempted to decode how clandestine elements of power and ideology underpin the leaders’ discourses and how their linguistic strategies and discourses exercise power and ideologies to shape opinion of the readers or listeners to understand realities better as “using of language involves something that goes beyond the acquisition of structures” (Yalden, 1987).
Abstract: This rigorous research attempts to decipher the covert rhetoric —ideology of peace and justice—reflected in Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s UNOGA address, 2015. This paper examines the relationship between text and elements of power and ideology reflected in PM’s political discourse from dialectical perspective. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) base...
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The Chinese Concept of Blank in Katherine Mansfield’s Bliss and the Garden Party
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
23-26
Received:
23 April 2018
Accepted:
8 May 2018
Published:
24 May 2018
Abstract: Katherine Mansfield is a legend in the history of the modern British literature for her implicit writing style. Most of her works concentrate on creating the inner world of the characters instead of a clear beginning or tense conflicts, so as to invite readers to explore the subtle changes of the characters’ psychological world. And this thesis tries to explore the beauty of her representative works---The Garden Party and Bliss according to the Chinese artistic concept of Blank from three main aspects, including the content, structure and themes. Findings are Blanks in content are mainly used in character depiction and dialogues as a substitute for the direct and boring introduction of background information. When it is used in structure building, it plays different roles in different developmental parts. As a matter of fact, The Blanks in content and structure are often applied to leave more space for the inference of themes.
Abstract: Katherine Mansfield is a legend in the history of the modern British literature for her implicit writing style. Most of her works concentrate on creating the inner world of the characters instead of a clear beginning or tense conflicts, so as to invite readers to explore the subtle changes of the characters’ psychological world. And this thesis tri...
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